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Wednesday, 9 November 2016
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Bentham Science Publishers would like to invite you to submit your research paper for publishing in the Journal of
Current Neurovascular Research
Current Neurovascular Research
Thursday, 3 November 2016
Highlighted Article: Mean Platelet Volume During Ischemic Stroke is a Potential Pro-inflammatory Biomarker in the Acute Phase and During Neurorehabilitation Not Directly Linked to Clinical Outcome
Mean Platelet Volume During Ischemic Stroke is a Potential Pro-inflammatory Biomarker in the Acute Phase and During Neurorehabilitation Not Directly Linked to Clinical Outcome
Author(s):
Irene Ciancarelli, Daniela De Amicis, Caterina Di Massimo, Caterina Pistarini and Maria Giuliana Tozzi Ciancarelli Pages 177 - 183 ( 7 )
Abstract:
The prognostic role of increased mean platelet volume (MPV), as an indicator of platelet activation and large, more reactive platelets, in clinical and functional outcome of ischemic stroke is still conflicting. Studies are not currently available on the association between MPV and stroke recovery after neurorehabilitation. The relationship between MPV and clinical and functional outcome measures was assessed in twenty-four patients in the acute phase of first-ever ischemic stroke, and before and after 8-week intensive multifunctional neurorehabilitation. Neurorehabilitation was associated with improved scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), the modified Rankin Scale (mRS), and the modified PULSES profile (mPULSES). When compared with apparently healthy subjects, higher MPV values were observed in stroke patients 24 hours after stroke and before neurorehabilitative treatment started not later than 14 days after stroke. Decreased MPV values were found after neurorehabilitation, even if the absolute values were still higher than those detected in control subjects. No correlation was observed between MPV values and scores of the NIHSS and mRS scales evaluated in stroke acute phase. No correlation was also observed before and after neurorehabilitative treatment between MPV and NIHSS, mRS and mPULSES scores. Our data provide evidence of the effectiveness of neurorehabilitation on modulating MPV values and support the hypothesis that high MPV could represent an expression of proinflammatory condition of the stroke patients, realistically pre-existent to acute ischemic event, than a marker of neurologic deficit and disability or of stroke recovery including motor performance and functional independence.
Keywords:
Mean Platelet Volume, ischemic stroke, neurologic deficit, disability, stroke recovery, neurorehabilitation.
Affiliation:
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, Edificio Delta 6, Piazzale Salvatore Tommasi,1 - 67100 Coppito 67100, L'Aquila - Italy
For More Information Please Visit Our Website Current Neurovascular Research
Wednesday, 26 October 2016
Most Accessed Article: Assessment and Imaging of the Cerebrovascular Glycocalyx
Assessment and Imaging
of the Cerebrovascular Glycocalyx
Author(s):
Roel Hubert Louis Haeren, Steffi Elisabeth
Maria van de Ven, Marcus Anna Maria Jacobus van Zandvoort, Hans Vink, Jacobus
Johannes van Overbeeke, Govert Hoogland and Kim RijkersPages 249-260 (12)
Abstract:
The glycocalyx is a gel-like layer lining the luminal surface of the endothelium. The glycocalyx exerts an important barrier role because it prevents exposure of plasma components to the endothelial surface. Disruption of the glycocalyx by local inflammation or ischemia results in decreased glycocalyx thickness which is associated with a number of vascular diseases. The cerebrovascular glycocalyx has sparsely been studied, but is of great interest because of its potential role in cerebrovascular disease. In this review, we describe all existing techniques to visualize the glycocalyx and designate techniques that may be suitable for studying the cerebrovascular glycocalyx.
A total of seven imaging techniques are
discussed thoroughly, including transmission electron microscopy, intravital
microscopy, micro-particle image velocimetry, confocal laser scanning
microscopy, two-photon laser scanning microscopy, orthogonal polarization
spectral imaging and sidestream dark field/oblique imaging. Measurement of
serum concentrations of glycocalyx-specific constituents is another method for
glycocalyx analysis. Also, we have reviewed the methods of glycocalyx analysis
by using these imaging techniques.
So far, the cerebrovascular glycocalyx has
only been studied in vitro. However, other cerebral microcirculatory properties
have been studied in vivo. This suggests that the cerebrovascular glycocalyx
can be studied in vivo by using some of the described techniques, when specific
software is subjoined to the analysis.
In conclusion, we have summarized techniques
available for glycocalyx assessment, and explained the significance and
technical possibilities regarding cerebrovascular glycocalyx visualization.
Cerebrovascular glycocalyx assessment would add valuable information to our
understanding of the pathophysiology of cerebrovascular disease. Moreover, as a
part of the blood-brain barrier, more knowledge on the cerebrovascular
glycocalyx may lead to better understanding of neurodegenerative conditions
that are caused by a compromised blood-brain barrier including Alzheimer's
disease, vascular dementia, multiple sclerosis and epilepsy.
Keywords:
Glycocalyx, microscopy, review, technique,
cerebral, blood-brain barrier.
Affiliation:
Maastricht University Medical Center,
Department of Neurosurgery, PO box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
For More Information Please Visit Our Website Current Neurovascular Research
Thursday, 20 October 2016
Thursday, 6 October 2016
Recently Published Issue of the Journal Current Neurovascular Research, 12 Issue 2
Current Neurovascular Research provides a cross platform for the publication of scientifically rigorous research that addresses disease mechanisms of both neuronal and vascular origins in neuroscience. The journal serves as an international forum publishing novel and original work as well as timely neuroscience research reviews in the disciplines of cell developmental disorders, plasticity, and degeneration that bridge the gap between basic science research and clinical discovery. Current Neurovascular Research emphasizes the elucidation of disease mechanisms, both cellular and molecular, which can impact the development of unique therapeutic strategies for neuronal and vascular disorders.
Following are the articles from the journal Current Neurovascular Research, 12 Issue 2:
Article: Paring Down Obesity and Metabolic Disease by Targeting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress
Author(s): Kenneth Maiese
Author(s): Kenneth Maiese
Article: Low Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate is Associated with High Recurrence Rate and Poor Prognosis of Hemorrhage Stroke
Author(s): Sun Kai, Qu Jiaoyan, Song Weihua, Zhang Yinhui, Zhang Channa, Song Li, Song Yan, Hui Rutai and Chen Jingzhou
Author(s): Sun Kai, Qu Jiaoyan, Song Weihua, Zhang Yinhui, Zhang Channa, Song Li, Song Yan, Hui Rutai and Chen Jingzhou
Article: Uric Acid and Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase: Potential Strategies and Biomarkers in Functional Recovery of Post-Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients after Intensive Neurorehabilitation
Author(s): Irene Ciancarelli, Caterina Di Massimo, Daniela De Amicis, Caterina Pistarini and Maria Giuliana Tozzi Ciancarelli
Author(s): Irene Ciancarelli, Caterina Di Massimo, Daniela De Amicis, Caterina Pistarini and Maria Giuliana Tozzi Ciancarelli
Article: An Experimental Model for Exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration with Choroidal Neovascularization Using the Common Marmoset
Author(s): Masamitsu Shimazawa, Tomomi Masuda, Shinsuke Nakamura, Miki Miwa, Katsuki Nakamura and Hideaki Hara
Author(s): Masamitsu Shimazawa, Tomomi Masuda, Shinsuke Nakamura, Miki Miwa, Katsuki Nakamura and Hideaki Hara
Article: Etanercept Improves Cognitive Performance and Increases eNOS and BDNF Expression During Experimental Vascular Dementia in Streptozotocin- induced Diabetes
Author(s): Tijen Utkan, Yusufhan Yazir, Ayse Karson and Dilek Bayramgurler
Author(s): Tijen Utkan, Yusufhan Yazir, Ayse Karson and Dilek Bayramgurler
Article: Obesity Promotes Oxidative Stress and Exacerbates Sepsis-induced Brain Damage
Author(s): Andriele Aparecida Vieira, Monique Michels, Drielly Florentino, Diego Zapelini Nascimento, Gislaine Tezza Rezin, Daniela Dimer Leffa, Jucelia Jeremias Fortunato, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Tatiana Barichello, Joao Quevedo and Fabricia Petronilho
Author(s): Andriele Aparecida Vieira, Monique Michels, Drielly Florentino, Diego Zapelini Nascimento, Gislaine Tezza Rezin, Daniela Dimer Leffa, Jucelia Jeremias Fortunato, Felipe Dal-Pizzol, Tatiana Barichello, Joao Quevedo and Fabricia Petronilho
Article: Granulocyte Colony-stimulating Factor and Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells for Stroke Treatment in the Aged Brain
Author(s): Ana-Maria Buga, Johanna Scheibe, Karoline Moller, Ovidiu Ciobanu, Claudia Posel, Johannes Boltze and Aurel Popa-Wagner
Author(s): Ana-Maria Buga, Johanna Scheibe, Karoline Moller, Ovidiu Ciobanu, Claudia Posel, Johannes Boltze and Aurel Popa-Wagner
Article: Cocaine Dependence and Stroke: Pathogenesis and Management
Author(s): Antonio Siniscalchi, Antonello Bonci, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Antonia De Siena, Giovambattista De Sarro, Giovanni Malferrari, Marco Diana and Luca Gallelli
Author(s): Antonio Siniscalchi, Antonello Bonci, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Antonia De Siena, Giovambattista De Sarro, Giovanni Malferrari, Marco Diana and Luca Gallelli
Article: Programming Apoptosis and Autophagy with Novel Approaches for Diabetes Mellitus
Author(s): Kenneth Maiese
Author(s): Kenneth Maiese
Article: Proliferative Retinopathies: Animal Models and Therapeutic Opportunities
Author(s): Pilar Villacampa, Virginia Haurigot and Fatima Bosch
Author(s): Pilar Villacampa, Virginia Haurigot and Fatima Bosch
Article: Is There A Pulse Wave Encephalopathy Component To Multiple Sclerosis?
Author(s): Bernhard H.J. Juurlink
Author(s): Bernhard H.J. Juurlink
For details, please visit: http://bit.ly/1CX9vTG
courtesy by https://benthamsciencepublishers.wordpress.com/2015/04/15/recently-published-issue-of-the-journal-current-neurovascular-research/
Wednesday, 5 October 2016
The Global Day of Epilepsy Awareness 2016
The Global Day of Epilepsy Awareness is observed every year on the 26th of March. The journals of Bentham Science related to this day are;
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Articles by Disease – HEMOPHILIA
Bentham Science Publishers articles are now categorized by diseases, in the tab ‘Articles by Disease’ on its website www.benthamscience.com
| Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor VIII Signaling in Arterial Wall Remodeling
Journal: Current Vascular Pharmacology
Volume: 11,Issue: 5 Page: 768-776 Authors: Mingyi Wang, Hejia H. Wang and Edward G. Lakatta |
| Factor VIII Levels are Associated with Ischemic Stroke, Stroke Subtypes and Neurological Worsening
Journal: Current Neurovascular Research
Volume: 12,Issue: 1 Page: 85-90 Authors: Chih-Yu Kuo, Chun-Hsien Lin, Ya-Wen Kuo, Yen-Chu Huang, Huan-Lin Hsu, Ya-Hui Lin, Chih-Ying Wu, Ying-Chih Huang, Meng Lee, Hsin-Ta Yang, Chia-Yu Hsu, Yi-Ting Pan and Jiann-Der Lee |
| Testosterone Deficiency in Male: A Risk Factor for Heart Failure
Journal: Endocrine, Metabolic & Immune Disorders-Drug Targets
Volume: 13,Issue: 1 Page: 92-99 Authors: Vito Angelo Giagulli, Edoardo Guastamacchia, Giovanni De Pergola, Massimo Iacoviello and Vincenzo Triggiani |
| Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin D Deficiency in Critically Ill Patients
Journal: Inflammation & Allergy-Drug Targets
Volume: 12,Issue: 4 Page: 223-229 Authors: Bertrand Sauneuf, Jennifer Brunet, Olivier Lucidarme and Damien du Cheyron |
| Von Willebrand Factor and Thrombosis: Risk Factor, Actor and Pharmacological Target
Journal: Current Vascular Pharmacology
Volume: 11,Issue: 4 Page: 448-456 Authors: Peter J. Lenting, Cecile V. Denis and Nikolett Wohner |
We invite you to explore this option further, as you can find all the latest research articles, sorted according to diseases like Diabetes, Oncology,Immunology, Neuroscience & Hemophilia.
Visit our website for more info: www.benthamscience.com
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Recently Published Issue of the Journal Current Neurovascular Research
Current Neurovascular Research provides a cross platform for the publication of scientifically rigorous research that addresses disease mechanisms of both neuronal and vascular origins in neuroscience. The journal serves as an international forum publishing novel and original work as well as timely neuroscience research reviews in the disciplines of cell developmental disorders, plasticity, and degeneration that bridge the gap between basic science research and clinical discovery. Current Neurovascular Research emphasizes the elucidation of disease mechanisms, both cellular and molecular, which can impact the development of unique therapeutic strategies for neuronal and vascular disorders.
Following are the articles from the journal Current Neurovascular Research, 12 Issue 3:
Article: MicroRNAs and Stem Cells to the Rescue
Author(s): Kenneth Maiese
Article: Differential Regulation of microRNAs in Patients with Ischemic Stroke
Author(s): Sheng-Hua Li, Sheng-You Su and Jing-Li Liu
Article: Combination of Local Transplantation of In Vitro Bone-marrow Stromal Cells and Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields Accelerate Functional Recovery of Transected Sciatic Nerve Regeneration: A Novel Approach in Transected Nerve Repair
Author(s): Rahim Mohammadi and Sirvan Mahmoodzadeh
Article: Radix Angelica Sinensis Promotes Synaptic Plasticity During Cognitive Recovery in Chronically Stressed Rats
Author(s): Min Deng, Huimin Sun, Jun Shen, Yuanteng Fan, Lei Zhang and Junjian Zhang
Article: Neuroprotective Effects of Agomelatine and Vinpocetine Against Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion Induced Vascular Dementia
Author(s): Surbhi Gupta, Prabhat Singh, Brij Mohan Sharma and Bhupesh Sharma
Article: Interleukin-1β Receptor Antagonism Prevents Cognitive Impairment Following Experimental Bacterial Meningitis
Author(s): Tatiana Barichello, Jaqueline S. Generoso, Lutiana R. Simoes, Vladislav G. Sharin, Renan A. Ceretta, Diogo Dominguini, Clarissa M. Comim, Marcia C. Vilela, Antonio Lucio Teixeira and Joao Quevedo
Article: Rufinamide Improves Functional and Behavioral Deficits via Blockade of Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Channels in Diabetic Neuropathy
Author(s): Shivsharan B. Kharatmal, Jitendra N. Singh and Shyam S. Sharma
Article: Outcome Prediction after Non-aneurysmal Non-traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Author(s): Ramazan Jabbarli, Matthias Reinhard, Roland Roelz, Mukesch Shah, Wolf-Dirk Niesen, Klaus Kaier, Christian Taschner, Astrid Weyerbrock and Vera Van Velthoven
Article: Perfusion-diffusion Mismatch Predicts Early Neurological Deterioration in Anterior Circulation Infarction without Thrombolysis
Author(s): Chia-Yu Hsu, Chun-Yu Cheng, Yuan-Hsiung Tsai, Jiann-Der Lee, Jen-Tsung Yang, Hsu-Huei Weng, Leng-Chieh Lin, Ying-Chih Huang, Meng Lee, Ming-Hsueh Lee, Chih-Ying Wu, Ya-Hui Lin, Huan-Lin Hsu, Hsin-Ta Yang, Yi-Ting Pan and Yen-Chu Huang
Article: Acute and Chronic Treatments with Quetiapine Increase Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Complex Activity in the Rat Brain
Author(s): Zuleide M. Ignacio, Gislaine Z. Reus, Helena M. Abelaira, Stephanie E. Titus, Anelise S. Carlessi, Jaine R. da Luz, Beatriz I. Matias, Livia Bruchchen, Milena Carvalho-Silva, Lara M. Gomes, Joyce Rebelo, Emilio L. Streck and Joao Quevedo
Article: VEGF Signaling Regulates Cofilin and the Arp2/3-complex within the Axonal Growth Cone
Author(s): Matthias Dumpich, Hans Georg Mannherz and Carsten Theiss
For details, please visit: http://bit.ly/1CX9vTG
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The Global Day of Epilepsy Awareness 2016
The Global Day of Epilepsy Awareness is observed every year on the 26th of March. The journals of Bentham Science related to this day are;
courtesy by: https://benthamsciencepublishers.wordpress.com/2016/03/26/the-global-day-of-epilepsy-awareness-2016/
Author feedback
Contributed Article: A PPAR-β/δ Agonist is Neuroprotective and Decreases Cognitive Impairment in a Rodent Model of Parkinson’s Diseasecourtesy by : https://benthamsciencepublishers.wordpress.com/2015/09/14/author-feedback/
Recently published issues in various journals of Bentham Science
Current Biotechnology , 5 Issue 2
CNS & Neurological Disorders – Drug Targets, 15 Issue 4
Current Immunology Reviews , 12 Issue 1
Current Neurovascular Research , 13 Issue 2
Medicinal Chemistry, 12 Issue 3
Current Bioinformatics, 11 Issue 2
Current Cardiology Reviews, 12 Issue 2
Current Chromatography, 3 Issue 1
Current Bioactive Compounds, 12 Issue 1
Drug Delivery Letters, 5 Issue 3
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 22 Issue 12
Current Pharmaceutical Design, 22 Issue 13
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Wednesday, 3 August 2016
Turning Up the Pressure on Vascular Disease
Author(s):
Kenneth MaiesePages 291-293 (3)
Abstract:
Vascular cell injury, whether it occurs in the central nervous system or in other locations throughout the body, represents a significant factor for subsequent disability and death in individuals worldwide. In fact, coronary artery disease remains the leading cause of mortality and can be caused by vessel stenosis, atherosclerosis, embolic disease, or thrombosis. Loss of blood flow to critical areas in the vascular system leads to endothelial cell dysfunction and death. Treatments to avert coronary artery disease and maintain adequate blood flow include the use of antiplatelet agents, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors, statins, -blockers as well as re-vascularization techniques that include coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention. Other new strategies include the induction of angiogenesis such with trophic factors that include vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor, the use of stem cell therapies, and the use of cytokines such as erythropoietin to directly protect cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells. In the nervous system, approximately 15 million individuals suffer some form of a stroke every year. In addition to cerebral blood vessel occlusion or intra-cerebral hemorrhage as causes of stroke, rupture of intracranial aneurysms with subarachnoid hemorrhage also can lead to ischemic cerebral injury. Intracranial aneurysms can result from genetic origins or be acquired through conditions such as tobacco use, excessive ethanol consumption, and hypertension. Although stroke leads to significant mortality and morbidity, stroke is no longer ranked as the third leading cause of death in the United States. Multiple factors have resulted in the reduction of stroke incidence, now classified as the fourth leading cause of death, that include reduction in tobacco consumption, heightened awareness to seek rapid treatment for stroke, improved care of hypertension, and better management of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients suitable for this therapy also has led to a reduction in mortality and morbidity in stroke patients. Several new treatment strategies are under consideration for stroke that also address central nervous system inflammation to include treatment with cytokines and growth factors, progenitor stem cells, metallic ions, and small molecular regulators of hypoxia inducible factor. Improved management of metabolic disorders such as diabetes also have accounted for the reduction in the incidence of stroke. Yet, diabetes continues to remain a significant factor that leads to vascular cell injury. Diabetes mellitus may affect approximately 170-200 million individuals in the world with millions of additional individuals currently undiagnosed. Complications of diabetes and insulin resistance are associated with oxidant stress that can affect both the cerebrovascular and cardiovascular systems as well as other vessels in the body. Diabetes can lead to platelet dysfunction, acute cerebral or coronary injury, and dysfunction in the sympathetic nervous system. Elevated glucose in vascular endothelial cells can result in the increase of antioxidants that involve superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. This may represent a reparative response by the body to attempt to reverse the effects of oxidant stress injury in the vascular system. Infection and sepsis are additional disorders that can lead to vascular compromise in the body. Coagulation abnormalities occur in sepsis and can lead to diffuse microvascular thrombosis, depleted platelet counts, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and thrombosis in larger vessels. Infection that leads to vascular cell injury may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic in origin. For example, during infection of the parasite Plasmodium falciparum that leads to malaria, parasitized red blood cells can adhere to endothelial cells and produce impaired blood flow, mechanical occlusion, and ischemic tissue in the brain as well as in the cardiovascular system. Impaired perfusion and vessel occlusion can even occur in the vasculature of the retina. Vasoconstriction and direct endothelial cell dysfunction also have been reported that may be mediated through impaired nitric oxide bioavailability and modulation of endothelins. In this issue of Current Neurovascular Research, new work targets several novel mechanisms for the treatment of vascular disease in the body that can significantly impact blood vessel and vascular endothelial function. In the paper by Lin et al., the authors examined a mechanism for the development of sporadic aneurysms in the Chinese Han population as a result of endoglin, a gene that is involved in vascular development and angiogenesis. Endoglin, as a potential biomarker, would be of great interest to follow and potentially prevent intracranial aneurysm rupture, since most individuals have no symptoms until intracranial aneurysms become symptomatic. The investigators illustrate in the population examined that the endoglin D366H variant (rs1800956) may be clinically relevant since it has an increased association with intracranial aneurysms and may contribute to the sporadic risk in the development and progression of intracranial aneurysms. Takagi et al. consider factors that can lead to intracranial hemorrhage during excessive alcohol consumption. In a model of ethanol-induced endothelial damage, they identify metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) as a key mediator of cell injury and show that tight junction disruption and loss of transendothelial electrical resistance was a result of MMP-9 activation in the setting of oxidative stress. Endothelial damage during ethanol-induced damage could be blocked by cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase III inhibitor, through cellular pathways that require protein kinase A and decrease MMP-9 activity. In regards to the use of stem cells for regenerative strategies following vascular injury, Banik et al. identify an enriched population of CD45, CD34 and CD117 stem cells in human umbilical cord. The authors advocate that this cell population is a viable primitive stem cell source that may possess high regenerative properties for the development of future vascular repair strategies. The work of Martonc ikova et al. is an interesting companion to the Banik study. Martonc íkova et al. show in the rostral migratory stream in a rat model that blood vessels may form a scaffold for the migration of neuronal precursors in the brain, illustrating the vital role of the vascular system in the brain during development and potentially during repair processesfollowing injury. Carvalho et al. focus upon the pathways that contibute to vascular injury during Type 2 diabetes and examine the antioxidant defenses as future therapeutic targets that exist in brain vessels and synaptosomes in animal models of experimental diabetes. They identify several cellular pathways of oxidative imbalance and show that manganese superoxide dismutase activity and vitamin E levels increase with a concomitant decrease in aconitase and glutathione reductase activities, glutathione (GSH)/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio, and GSH and malondialdehyde levels in brain vessels and synaptosomes. Interestingly, an age-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide levels in both diabetic synaptosomes and vessels was also noted. In their meta-analysis, Panato et al. identify biomarkers markers of bacterial and aseptic meningitis, disorders that can directly lead to vascular cell dysfunction and injury. They show that tumor necrosis factor- α and interleukin-1β are accurate markers to differentiate between bacterial and aseptic meningits with significant elevation of these markers in bacterial meningitis but lower levels of these markers in aspetic meningitis. In our review articles for this issue of Current Neurovascular Research, Maiese presents Wnt1 inducible signaling pathway protein 1 (WISP1) as an emerging novel target for a number of therapeutic strategies especially those relevant for vascular and cardiovascular restoration. WISP1 is a target of the wingless pathway Wnt1 that fosters neuronal and vascular development. WISP1 promotes vascular smooth muscle proliferation that may be important for tissue repair during injury. The reparative properties of WISP1 may be driven by the ability of WISP1 to influence stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Nabavi et al. examine the antioxidant properties of resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic antioxidant, during stroke. They describe the therapeutic potential of this agent for stroke that modulates several pathways including sirtuins, superoxide dismutase 2, glutathione peroxidase, and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2 as well as anti-inflammatory mediators. In this issue of Current Neurovascular Research, new insights into vascular disease and endothelial cell survival are brought forward for the exciting development of new clinical entities. Of course, as with any new developments, we must continue to acquire further understanding of the relevant biology critical for the initiation of new therapeutic strategies and clinical care of vascular disease to avoid unwanted outcomes such as unchecked vascular proliferation. In any event, elegant and focused studies on the problem at hand are always warranted as we “turn up the pressure on vascular disease”.
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Signaling Cancer Center, F 1220 New Jersey Health Sciences University 205 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ 07101, USA.
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Platelets in the Alzheimer’s Disease Brain: do they Play a Role in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy?
Author(s):
Kathrin M. Kniewallner, Daniela Ehrlich, Andreas Kiefer, Josef Marksteiner and Christian HumpelPages 4-14 (11)
Abstract:
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by extracellular beta-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau tangles. AD-related pathology is often accompanied by vascular changes. The predominant vascular lesions in AD are cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and arteriosclerosis. Platelets circulate along the vessel wall responding immediately to vascular injury. The aim of the present study was to explore the presence and migration of platelets (thrombocytes) to sites of small vascular bleedings and/or to beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. We infused fluorescently labeled red PKH26 mouse platelets into transgenic Alzheimer mice overexpressing APP with Swedish/Dutch/Iowa mutations (APP_SDI) and explored if platelets migrate into the brain. Further we studied whether platelets accumulate in the vicinity of β-amyloid plaques. Our animal data shows that infused platelets are found in the liver and partly in the lung, while in the brain platelets were visible to a minor degree. In mice, we did not observe a significant association of platelets with beta-amyloid plaques or vessels. In the brain of Alzheimer postmortem patients platelets could be detected by immunohistochemistry for CD41 and CD62P, but the majority was found in vessels with or without beta-amyloid load, and only a few single platelets migrated deeper into the brain. Our findings suggest that platelets do not migrate into the brains of Alzheimer disease but are concentrated in brain vessels.
Keywords:
Alzheimer, migration, postmortem, platelet, vessel.
Affiliation:
Deparment of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Anichstr. 35, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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